How To Write The Word Korean In Hangul

Professor Sonia Seo-young Chae has abutting the Asia Association Korea Center for the “Journey into Hangeul” series. A alternation that explores the circuitous attributes of Korean language, and its accord with society. Professory Chae, a arch able in Linguistics who has accomplished at Ehwa, Hanyang, Sungkyunkwan, and Sogang university, provides agog acumen and angle on this topic. She responds to questions apropos the intricate accord Korean accent plays in amusing structure, inter-personal relationships, and anticipation process. She is able to acknowledgment these questions cautiously application artistic narrative, and cartoon aloft her actual and able ability of the language. 

Hangul - Wikipedia
Hangul – Wikipedia | How To Write The Word Korean In Hangul

1. Korean is a accent with assorted levels of politeness. How did these levels advance historically?

Early examples of the circuitous accent akin arrangement in the Korean accent can be traced aback to the alpha of the Silla Dynasty which started in 57BC during the Three Kingdom Aeon of Korea. The aboriginal examples of this arrangement appeared in hyangga poems. These poems, accounting in the Idu arrangement of abbreviated Chinese script, independent characters such as 賜, 白, and 音 which bidding civil accent (Park 1989, p. 95-96). The age-old Korean affidavit of accent levels was during the 15th aeon back King Sejong and his advisers created Hangul, the Korean autograph system. Koreans had consistently appear Korean, but up until this time had been application Chinese characters for autograph until the apparatus of Hangul in 1443. By this time, accent levels already existed in their fully-fledged form.It seems believable to clue the origins of accent levels to the austere ancestral amusing chic arrangement of age-old Korea. The Silla Dynasty was accustomed for its hierarchical arrangement accepted as the “bone order”. Similarly, the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) additionally acclaimed dignity from accepted people. In addition, the added contempo Joseon Dynasty (1392-1897) had a ancestral cachet arrangement based on Confucian ideals, but was added complicated in its detail and agnate to India’s amount arrangement in its strictness. During this period, the capacity amid royalty, nobility, commoners (farmers, artisans, blacksmiths, and merchants), disciplinarian (personal or public) and outcasts (such as butchers) were adamant and clear.From this clay emerged accent levels, which bidding not alone the academism of the situation, but additionally levels of acquiescence appear the listener, as able-bodied as the subject, the article or the accompaniment of a sentence.

2. How circuitous is this honorific arrangement of accent and how is it taught?

Korea’s honorific arrangement is absolutely complicated. To be exact, admitting bodies generally accredit to it as ‘honorifics’, the Korean accent akin arrangement is not aloof an honorific system. Honorifics usually call accent that ceremoniousness the added party, generally by application honorific abode terms. Korean, however, not alone has altered agreement of abode to account the listener, but additionally multi-tiered accent levels, which accommodate expressions of blurred of cocky (e.g., calling oneself as “jeo(저)” instead of “na(나)”), anniversary of the subject, object, and accompaniment of the sentence, as able-bodied as anniversary of the listener. The best of the akin for anniversary basic is bent by the afterward three factors; (1) the about cachet differences amid the interlocutors, (2) the amount of acquaintance or adherence amid them, and (3) the academism of the accent situation. For example, in Korea a mother and her babe accept a bright amusing cachet difference, but they may use lower akin accent to anniversary added (perhaps with the barring of a few words) because they are affectionate and conversing in an breezy situation.

This arrangement may complete acutely difficult to acquire, but all Koreans access it after abundant difficulty. Alike kindergarten accouchement are acquainted of the accent levels and use at atomic two breezy endings (-haeyo 해요, and -hae 해). The blow of the levels are acquired at altered stages of life, in accurate as they go through the academy system. The accomplished and best academic levels, such as –hapnita (합니다), are acquired and acclimated in the aggressive and at work. Therefore, macho speakers, abnormally those who underwent binding aggressive training and accept paid occupations, tend to use the accomplished akin added frequently than females.

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Pin em ARI | How To Write The Word Korean In Hangul

Since Korea has a attitude of alienated application one’s aboriginal name, acclamation others and talking to bodies can be a actual difficult assignment in Korea’s business apple and sometimes in accustomed life. Unfortunately, ability of the honorific arrangement is a abundant claiming for best foreigners. Therefore, best learners of Korean are brash to stick with the college two levels (“-haeyo” and “-hapnita”) to abstain ruffling feathers.

3. Abounding advisers say that commonly there were 8 levels of exact endings, of which 4-6 are still in use today. Why do we see a abatement in these numbers of levels?

The abatement in the cardinal of accent levels is a accustomed aftereffect because Korea is no best a austere chic society. For example, the accomplished akin exact endings which are aloof for ability and dignity are all but obsolete. The accomplished akin exact endings such as “-haopsoseo (하옵소서)” are still begin in abreast Korean but bound to prayers to God. Two average levels of the academic exact endings –hao (하오) and –hage (하게) are acclimated limitedly by earlier macho speakers only. High-level cant items, such as jinji (진지, ‘meal’) are not as generally acclimated as before. Instead, added simple words such as shiksa (식사) are added generally acclimated these days.During the Joseon Dynasty, the civic chic arrangement was absolutely adamant and Korean bodies abided by the arrangement until 1945, back Korea won ability from Japanese colonialism. During the 1950-1953 Korean War, the association underwent abundant about-face which brought about desperate changes to Korea in agreement of the anatomy of citizenry and amusing values.

Nevertheless, I do not accept that because the cardinal of accent levels has reduced, the accent akin arrangement has become simpler. Speakers are currently bond absolute endings or creating new ones, such as -haeyum (해염), -haeyom (해욤), -haem (햄), -ham(함), or -handang (-한당). Added importantly, the best of akin still has to be fabricated for anniversary book (or anniversary word, in some cases) during interpersonal exact exchanges. Thus, it is consistently accessible to either accidentally affront or amuse others. In my presentation at the Asia Association Luncheon in March 2015, I mentioned how generally the use of amiss words, accent levels, or inappropriate abode agreement in Korea has led to fights and alike murder. Therefore, what affairs added is not the cardinal of levels, but how anxiously these levels are acclimated which affect Korean people’s circadian lives and amusing relationships.

4. Is Korea’s evolving amusing arrangement accepting an appulse on its language?

Learning Hangul Basics with Korean Club – El Estoque
Learning Hangul Basics with Korean Club – El Estoque | How To Write The Word Korean In Hangul

As association evolves, its accent additionally changes, admitting added slowly. Korean association is acutely acceptable added egalitarian. This will anytime advance to a change in language. But for the time being, Koreans still accept to account hierarchical cachet differences amid people, because this aberration is acutely built-in in their use of language.

Language generally provides a framework in acquainted the world. Alike admitting there is no best a austere amusing chic in Korea, which was acclimated as the distinct best important agency in allotment a accent level, levels of cachet are still produced based on added factors in avant-garde Korea, such as age, academy year, aggressive rank, anatomic rank, rank in the alikeness system, and advantage (based on the continuance of account in the accepted job).

This behavior of allotment accent levels affects how Koreans appearance added bodies and the way they anticipate of others. In Korea, whenever there is added than one person, you charge to apperceive whether the actuality is above, equal, or beneath you in status, in adjustment to use accent levels properly. Unless the actuality is built-in in the aforementioned year and went to academy in the aforementioned year as you, you cannot absolutely be of according level. Moreover, whenever the chief factors (such as age and rank) some into conflict, you will acquisition yourself in a difficult situation. For instance, anybody will accept benevolence on you if you acknowledgment that your bang-up is adolescent than you, or if your niece is earlier than you. In these affectionate of situations, I apprehend that best bodies try to abstain anniversary added as abundant as they can.

In added words, Korean bodies are beneath connected burden to use adapted levels of accent to the bodies they appointment or allege about. In age-old times, the use of accent levels had assured rules to follow. Now, however, the rules and conditioning factors are rather vague. As a result, one’s appearance and relationships are at pale every time one utters a word. Alike admitting best bodies do not apprehend how important their accent is in giving acceptable impressions and basic acceptable relationships, exact exchanges and the best of abode agreement amount significantly. Therefore, abundant job titles in their affable form, such as “sajangnim (사장님, president, CEO)”, or “bujangnim” (부장님, General Manager)” are acclimated to abode others, or alikeness and ancestors agreement such as “imo” (이모, ‘mother’s sister’), “hyeong” (형, ‘brother’) and “eonni” (언니, ‘sister’) are acclimated whenever bodies feel abutting or appetite to actualize a faculty of intimacy. I am assured that best people, including foreigners, accept at atomic one acquaintance of actuality asked of their age, or affably requested to be alleged as “eonni (sister)” or “hyeong” (older brother).

I heard that some Koreans adore a faculty of abandon back they are able to use the aforementioned pronoun “you” to anybody in English. Actually, English is bigger in the faculty that a seven-year-old boy and a ninety-year-old man can be friends, back in Korea its accent arrangement will prohibit them from acceptable accompany from the outset. A acquaintance of abundance who is a bilingual Korean American, already told me that he feels that the way he relates to bodies in Korean is actual altered from the way he does so in English. He said, “I am the aforementioned person, but those two sets of interactions are actual different”. I accept that abounding of these differences are apprenticed by language. 

Fresh Korean Useful Phrases 19 – 19 (Hangul, English, Romanized
Fresh Korean Useful Phrases 19 – 19 (Hangul, English, Romanized | How To Write The Word Korean In Hangul

5. Do you apprehend any changes in the Korean accent in the future?

As Korean association changes in abounding aspects, such as the abolishment of amusing chic and an advance in woman’s status, its accent will additionally change. The accomplished levels of accent acclimated alone for ability and dignity are not in accustomed use any more. Accepted aerial akin exact endings and vocabulary, such as 진지 잡수셨습니까? (‘Have you eaten?’), are hardly used, alike for one’s grandfather. Therefore, it is believable to apriorism that the accent akin arrangement will be lowered, simplified and eventually vanish over time, but it will not abandon instantly. Unless the government enforces a groundbreaking accent policy, Koreans will abide to use these circuitous levels for a continued time, because although accent may be a artefact of association and culture, it has a activity of its own agnate to a active organism. For instance, the Korean aggressive afresh appear that soldiers may use breezy exact endings, and claimed that the aggressive do not accept (and never accept had) an official adjustment on the use of exact endings. However, the “customary” use of accomplished academic endings has already formed a different “military style”. The appearance is absolutely acclaimed and calmly accustomed by civilians as an adumbration of soldiers. Therefore, the abridgement of the accent levels may not booty abode in the abreast future.

On the added hand, some Koreans accept that this circuitous accent akin arrangement is a cultural asset which enables bodies to pay account to anniversary other. Some alike accept that these accent levels accommodate ascendancy to the moral code, “상명하복” (superiors accord orders, and the subordinates chase the orders), which is advised an able and angelic arrangement for some people. Perhaps, an autonomous association is not every Korean’s ideal, at atomic subconsciously in agreement of application language.

Therefore, I do not apprehend any burning or abolitionist changes in the abreast future, alike admitting those circuitous levels will gradually be simplified. I would like to abide to admonish bodies that the accent levels, absorption the old amusing hierarchical arrangement at times, can behest or act as barriers in basic acceptable relationships. Therefore, we charge to be acquainted of how we are application accent levels if we appetite to advance acceptable relationships and accord acceptable impressions.To be on the safe side, you may opt to use college levels to anybody you encounter, but that will cede intimacy. Jokingly, some Koreans say that English is easier. In fact, in this sense, about all added languages are easier. I should add that there are added areas in which the Korean accent is easier, such as the absence of grammatical gender or complicated verb conjugations, but I accept to accept that the complicated accent akin arrangement is an breadth in which Koreans decay a lot of energy. 

How To Write The Word Korean In Hangul – How To Write The Word Korean In Hangul
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Fresh Korean Useful Phrases 19 – 19 (Hangul, English, Romanized
Fresh Korean Useful Phrases 19 – 19 (Hangul, English, Romanized | How To Write The Word Korean In Hangul

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