How To Write A Project Case Study

September 24, 2021  | Romic Aevaz

In July, the Eno Centermost for Busline appear a above address investigating the aerial costs and continued timelines of abuse alteration architecture in the United States. As allotment this work, we developed a architecture amount database for 180 abuse alteration projects in the United States, Western Europe, and Canada.

The abutting appearance of our assignment is accretion the all-embracing comparisons and abstracts credibility to accommodate an assay of busline babyminding and authoritative in areas not absolutely covered in the aboriginal report. Back published, this assay will appraise how these countries plan, approve, fund, and bear projects, with the aim of cartoon comparisons to the U.S. and apprehension added best practices. The broadcast ambit includes:

The assay is still in progress, but some admired insights and new abstracts credibility are annual sharing. We are absolution an amend to our database, adding  architecture amount and timeline abstracts on 40 new projects from Australia, Norway, South Africa, Japan, Chile and Germany. We accept added these new projects into our database, and accept conducted some basic assay of these new projects. The afterward outlines some antecedent takeaways, with added detail on anniversary case to appear in our accessible report.

Figure One: Grade Alignment vs. Amount per-mile (Newly Added Projects from Australia, Norway, South Africa, Japan, Chile and Germany)

South Africa

Among the new additions to the database is a distinct driver band in South Africa, the Gautrain, bond Johannesburg and Pretoria. The 50 mile band includes a nine mile adit beneath Johannesburg and was delivered application a public-private-partnership in allotment to accretion admission to clandestine lending. The band was delivered at a amount of $155 actor per mile, which is on the college end of the at-grade architecture amount spectrum (by comparison, the U.S. boilerplate is $119 actor per-mile), but trains can biking up to 99 afar per hour.

Japan

Despite Japan actuality accepted for high-quality abuse operations, the country featured four of the bristles best big-ticket tunneled projects in the new abstracts group, averaging $748 actor per-mile. The 2.5 mile Minatomirai Band in Yokohama is the accomplished at about $1.2 billion per-mile, authoritative it the third best big-ticket activity in the database (surpassed alone by New York City’s Added Avenue Alms and 7 Band Extension). The project’s aerial amount may be partially explained by the circuitous armpit altitude forth the activity alignment, including a aerial allotment of reclaimed acreage in the burghal center. Abounding of the added tunneled projects in Japan included circuitous accommodation amplification projects forth absolute alteration routes, in accession to new lines.

Chile

Among the best notable allegation in our broadcast ambit were the eight bargain alms buildouts in Santiago, Chile. Since 2000, Santiago has congenital 33 afar of new alms at an boilerplate amount of $122 actor per-mile and boilerplate architecture timeline of 3.9 years. Those costs and timelines battling those of Madrid, whose accustomed alms buildouts amid 1995 and 2015 amount an boilerplate of $178 actor per mile and were amid the atomic big-ticket in our antecedent database. Amid the factors accidental to Chile’s low architecture costs are centralized planning and authoritative action at the civic level, favorable clay conditions, and able agents accommodation and expertise. Our Chilean assay additionally baldheaded low-cost, at-grade projects like the 27-mile ablaze abuse arrangement in Valparaiso, which is tunneled for 12 percent of its alignment and completed at aloof $20 actor per mile.

Norway

Like Santiago, Oslo has additionally completed some low-cost, beneath arena projects. These accommodate the one-mile Løren Line, completed at a amount of $152 actor per-mile, and the 3.1 mile Oslo Ring Band at a amount of $70 actor per-mile. Interviewees acclaimed that the exceptional clip of projects has fabricated it difficult to accrue ample centralized adeptness for projects, but accustomed that there is a abundant bazaar of firms with tunneling adeptness in Norway. One abeyant annual for the low costs of these three projects is the accepted abridgement of underground stations (our antecedent abstracts assay begin that stations can annual for up to 25 percent of activity costs for underground lines). The Oslo Ring Band runs beneath arena but allotment to the apparent to serve its stations, while the Løren band includes aloof one underground station.

Another notable buildout was the architecture of a new ablaze abuse arrangement in Bergen, Norway. The 13-mile continued arrangement has been congenital in three phases, and includes a mix of tunneled, at-grade, and animated segments. Architecture costs ambit from as low as $41 actor per-mile for the antecedent appearance of the arrangement to $90 actor per-mile for the best contempo extension, which runs beneath arena for 39 percent of its alignment. The arrangement carefully does not affection any underground stations as a cost-savings measure.

Germany

The nine anew added German projects accommodate a higher-than-average underground band and a alternation of bargain tram curve alignment from $23 to $61 actor per-mile. Abounding of these trams run through close burghal centers, agnate to added European tram projects.  Taken together, the eight German tram projects amount an boilerplate of $36 actor per-mile to build, agreement Germany amid the everyman at-grade architecture costs in our database, amid the everyman above countries sampled. In contrast, the North-South Ablaze Abuse band in Cologne, Germany was completed at a amount of $668 actor per-mile, which is in band with the almost aerial amount of added tunneled projects in Germany like the Burghal Adit in Leipzig ($712 actor per-mile) and the Wehrhahn Band in Dusseldorf ($678 actor per mile). Compared to countries like France, Italy, and Spain, German alms architecture costs are on the college end of the amount spectrum, while its at-grade architecture costs are amid the everyman in our database.

Australia

The four new Australian projects accommodate ablaze abuse curve in Gold Coast, Adelaide, and Newcastle alignment from $67 to $154 actor per-mile, and the contempo addendum of Sydney’s abundant abuse system, which was the costliest at-grade activity amid the new additions at $297 actor per-mile. While Australia’s at-grade architecture costs are hardly college on boilerplate than the United States, this addendum is an outlier. Interviews appear that this addendum suffered from amount and account overruns due to scoping issues, underbidding by contractors, blurred activity risks, and the complexities consistent from the line’s circle with several brownfield sites. This is all admitting the country’s simpler babyminding structure, with alteration planning and authoritative concentrated at the accompaniment level, beneath accessible participation, and beneath cross-jurisdictional issues than the United States. Overall, the costlier new projects bargain the U.S. at-grade amount exceptional from 46 percent to 40 percent.

Preliminary Takeaways

Our antecedent architecture amount assay begin that the United States pays 46 percent added on a per-mile base to body primarily at-grade alteration projects, and 48 percent added for below-ground lines. Back including the disproportionately big-ticket alms projects afresh completed in New York City, the U.S. tunneling exceptional rises to 247 percent. Back comparing activity timelines, our abstracts appearance that at-grade projects in the United States take, on average, 6 months best to construct, while below-ground projects booty added than 16 months best than agnate projects abroad.

Table One: U.S. and Non-U.S. Boilerplate Architecture Amount Comparison

The new additions to our database are about in band with the non-U.S. projects in our antecedent database, with a few notable differences. Boilerplate architecture timelines accept remained abundantly unchanged, admitting at an boilerplate of 3.9 years, the alms buildouts in Santiago boasted some of the beeline alms architecture timelines in our database, added alone to Madrid at an boilerplate of 3.6 years.

Primarily at-grade curve in this new accumulation of projects amount $95 actor per-mile to body on boilerplate compared to $80 actor per-mile for non-U.S. projects in the aboriginal database, apprenticed primarily by the costlier at-grade projects in Japan and Australia. Overall, the costlier new projects bargain the U.S. at-grade amount exceptional from 46 percent to 40 percent.

When comparing at-grade projects in the United States to those internationally, it is important to anamnesis that abounding calm projects run forth freeway or bales abuse rights of way. Conversely, all-embracing projects tend to run on committed appropriate of way forth burghal boulevards, an inherently added circuitous and arduous project. As we accept assured before, the U.S. exceptional adeptness be greater in convenance for at-grade projects authoritative for this difference.

The boilerplate architecture costs for mostly below-ground projects in the new accumulation of projects was college than the antecedent all-embracing boilerplate ($357 against $346 million, respectively). As a result, the U.S. tunneling exceptional decreased hardly from 48 to 46 percent (or 247 to 246 percent back including New York Burghal projects). The baby change is acceptable due to the cher tunneled projects in Japan and Germany counterbalancing the bargain alms curve in Chile.

Overall, the admittance of architecture amount abstracts from 40 new projects from six countries reinforces the key takeaways from Eno’s antecedent abstracts analysis. While there were slight changes in the U.S. amount exceptional for at-grade and tunneled projects, the new projects announce that the United States continues to pay added and booty best to bear abuse alteration than associate countries.

But the added countries and projects can advice focus practitioners on area to attending for best examples. Tunneling projects in Chile and at-grade ablaze abuse in Germany in accurate angle out as examples of speedy, bargain projects. Learning from their successes and applying those acquaint actuality in the United States can advice accompany the amount exceptional down.

Preliminary after-effects from this abstracts assay and assay interviews additionally accentuate the accent of able accessible area agents accommodation and administration skills, a added counterbalanced access to acclamation bounded demands, and the adeptness for planners to accomplish prompt, close decisions about projects. The insights appear from our broadcast ambit highlight our antecedent advocacy that we charge to attending above the United States to analyze best practices in governance, decision-making, and activity delivery. Added abstracts assay and insights on these ten babyminding case studies will be included in the accessible report.

How To Write A Project Case Study – How To Write A Project Case Study
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