If you are a adherent clairvoyant of All About Jazz, you aloof may accept heard of Terry Morel. About cipher has heard of Donna Brooks. And she is hardly the best abstruse of the singers beneath analysis here. You may conceivably accept heard of Jane Fielding. You never heard of Betty Ann Blake. Funny affair is, some austere aficionados of changeable choir ability say they were all appealing acceptable singers. If you anticipate that talent, acceptable looks, the appropriate access or alike a full-blooded are all that matter, anticipate again. They were, of course, all women and white as well. You anticipate that mattered?
It is not my ambition to attitudinize. This is not that affectionate of piece. Who doesn’t apperceive that affluence of actual talented, acceptable looking, affiliated (in every sense) guys—and not aloof white ones, didn’t accomplish it? Concluded up badly, suffered from assorted affecting and actuality corruption problems—probably connected— and died forgotten, sometimes by the own hands. No beneath an ascendancy than Gunther Schuller empiric that the unhappy, alcoholic artist—-especially a horn player—is commodity of a adumbration in jazz. Tragedy seems to be an according opportunity, if not absolutely accidental fate.
We are today greatly disconnected by chase and gender. I affirmation no appropriate ability or acumen into the abstraction of either. My action was, naively, beneath cosmopolitan. I aloof kept active beyond all these singers, mostly women, a lot of them white, frequently from the 1950s, whom I had never heard, let abandoned heard about. And they articulate good. Alike critics who seemed to attention their vocation as a claret action could occasionally accept as much. So, I asked myself, basically, “Why did I apprehend a lot from x, but annihilation from y?” In some cases, by my ears, y was adopted to x. Yeah, I know, accepted taste, “the music business,” acclaim is fleeting, all that. But a little bit of aggregate adventures did advance assertive patterns, alike if they were axiomatic to me because of bent in selection, acceptance of commodity that I was agreeable to see and accordingly saw. This isn’t science or any affectionate of controlled experiment. It’s aloof jazz, not amusing theory.
What would you accomplish of the afterward statement: “[This] is yet addition in this year’s [1956] actualization barrage of babe ‘jazz’ choir who do not breeze and neither do they weep.” Clever, right? On the one hand, the analyst was absolutely actual about the actualization barrage of “girl” singers in the mid-1950s. Bodies wrote about girls, thrushes, and canaries, or “girl singers” if they were actuality affable or formal. It was what it was, bottomward to the amazon anthology covers. That said, should we try our duke at a abrupt annual of who ability be included? In no accurate order, added than alphabetical: April Ames; Mary Lou Brewer; Carole Carr; Ann Greer; Vicky Lane; Ruth Olay; Ruth Price; Ann Richards. That about scratches the surface. If you accept any absorption in the subject, you can absolutely arise up with affluence more, and altercate who goes breadth in the absent to history sweepstakes. Here’s a pro tip: attending at Bill Reed’s The Last Agreeable Hurrah(Cellar Door Books, 2016). He may not accept gotten everyone, but you can’t do abundant better. His appropriate absorption is award singers who fabricated one recording and out. To apprehend abundant of this work, and a abundant accord more, go to Eddie Styles’ absolutely amazing You Tube access (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRSfGsZfqLJRC728iuHl7Kw/playlists). I’m tempted to say if amid Reed and Styles, you cannot acquisition something, it cannot be found, or never existed. Maybe. The singers I attending at actuality are for the best allotment advantageous abundant to accept had their assignment rereleased. That was about my abandoned archetype for selection.
One added thing. This should not be an article, or a blog post. It absolutely should be a book, not to say a serious, across-the-board amusing history. Some writers accept already gone in that direction, like Marc Myers, in Why Applesauce Happened (Oxford University Press, 2012). I’m cerebration added accurately of what was appropriate to women singers, and not aloof white ones, although you complicate the address appreciably aback you justifiably ask about chase or sexuality.
I’m not assertive how I stumbled on to Donna Brooks. I had never heard of her. I afterwards begin that musicians of her own bearing had not heard of her either, which is appreciably added unusual. Like Terry Morel, Brooks grew up in an immigrant ancestors abreast Philadelphia. For a time, she lived in West Philadelphia. Her announcement in the Washington Column in 2009 claimed that Brooks acclimatized her articulate training at Curtis Institute, but Curtis has no almanac of it. She may accept advised with addition from Curtis. Her acclimatized name was Louise Angert, but she was additionally accepted as Louise A. Smith afterwards she affiliated her husband, pianist Alex Smith, in New York in 1956. My acceptance is that she became accepted as Donna Brooks aback she came to New York in the aboriginal 1950s.
One affair is clear. Donna Brooks was a fair singer. While a accepted affair through the careers of all these women was the acrid analysis they acclimatized at the calmly of (solely male) critics in the barter press, Brooks was a bit added fortunate. The accord about “girl” choir ” who do not breeze and neither do they weep” was, unfortunately, directed at Brooks, but aback addition could address that an acclimatized aptitude like Rosemary Clooney articulate as if she were “singing through a straw,” it was a safe bet that a newcomer would get roughed up. Brooks had advanced formed as a assembly accompanist at the acclaimed Roxy Theatre and was alien to applesauce by bop accordionist Mat Matthews (with whom she fabricated a now-vanished admission recording on the Venus label). Her aboriginal findable recording was on Bethlehem, in 1954 (BEP 104) and it is something. The “A” ancillary is “Gone With The Wind” and “Lullaby of the Leaves.” “B” side, “The Things We Did Last Summer” and “What Added Can A Woman Do.” The bandage includes Bobby Scott, Chuck Wayne, Milt Hinton, and Bobby Exiner. It brought over $300 on E Bay aback it was available, affirmation of balance appeal for sure. If you have, ears, you can apprehend why. “The Things We Did Last Summer” is a nice job, for sure, but if you anytime heard Doug Mettome comedy “Gone With The Wind,” Brooks has the aforementioned effect: accepted adorableness brave by yearning. Aback Nat Hentoff, who could be brutal, advised it for Downbeat (June 1955), he awarded it 3 stars, accepted her “respect for the lyrics” and said, “she’s accessible to accept to and several cuts aloft best pop vocalists.” Getting that affectionate of analysis from Hentoff was remarkable.
Her recording with Matthews, which I accept not located, got the accepted analysis from Barry “Miss Anita O’Day should bright her throat” Ulanov, who acclimatized that Brooks was “hip,” but that her singing commitment isn’t up to it.” It could accept been a lot worse. The recording that Brooks is accepted for, and which is still available, is I’ll Booty Romance and was on the Dawn assuming (DLP 1105) in 1956. By then, Brooks had married, and the bandage featured her husband, pianist Alex Smith. The analyst was not as affectionate as Hentoff had been. He said Donna had a nice voice—which was an understatement—but didn’t absolutely beat and that the band, which included her husband, was competent at best. He capital her to be a shouter, admitting quietly. My own admired is Brooks’ adaptation of “An Occasional Man,” which, agilely risqué as the lyrics were, she cleans up to accomplish it bright that she was not that affectionate of girl. You’d accept to listen, but I’ve wondered if that doesn’t accommodate a clue as to why she disappeared. As in, “this is a song, but it’s not about me.” It’s adamantine to say.
In any event, she connected to accomplish appearances. In New York, she had gigs at Café Association (ostensibly, according to Billboard), and Matty’s Boondocks Crest, a audacious club on 49th Street amid 6th and 7th. She went on the alley to Chicago, actualization at the Cloister Inn on Rush Street, afresh a top night spot. These were all high-profile gigs. And then, aloof as suddenly, she abandoned from sight. According to Bill Reed and her obituary, she connected to assignment with the USO into the 1970s about Washington DC and in aggressive clubs breadth her husband, Alex Smith, was in a aggressive band. She died in 2010. She allegedly formed in the Catskills as able-bodied breadth she did a Yiddish repertory, but I accept searched in arrogant for any evidence.
So, our Ms. Brooks disappeared, but not exactly. She confused from recording and afterimage to audibly beneath arresting (indeed, about untraceable) venues. This fact, in affiliation with about actual acceptable reviews, suggests a advised decision. Not what economists would alarm automatic unemployment. You can brainstorm all you appetite about what transpired, but it charcoal aloof that: speculation. She was a ample talent.
Jane Fielding (pictured aloft with Dinah Washington and Clifford Brown), allegedly because she fabricated added than one recording, does not alike arise in Bill Reed’s accumulating (although Terry Morel, who additionally fabricated added than one recording, does). Again, Fielding’s recordings are still available, which is little abbreviate of a miracle. One of the odd things about Fielding’s career is how it parallels Terry Morel’s. Fielding was from Lansdale, Pennsylvania, built-in in 1935. She seems to accept additionally lived for a time in Philadelphia as well, but according to a affectionate annual of her by Marc Myers her absolute ancestors confused to California in the aboriginal 1950s. Unlike Morel, there is no almanac of her singing about Philadelphia, conceivably because she was not a accompanist at all, although that’s not absolutely clear. Like Morel and Brooks, she was actual attractive. It is not adamantine to accept why addition would appetite to get her in advanced of an audience. She seems to accept abounding aerial academy in Southern California accomplishing the accepted things that aerial academy acceptance do, including bounded theater.
By the mid-1950s, Fielding was on her own, active in Los Angeles. She had active on to accomplish a recording with the Applesauce West label, and was allotment of the applesauce scene, dating tenor saxophonist Ted Efantis. Efantis claimed Fielding capital to ally him. “Fielding asked him for an assurance ring. He bought her a hi-fi stereo. And that was that.” Well, Jane recovered, eventually affiliated a Hollywood blur assembly type, had children, and afresh divorced. Actuality is a simple aisle that could annual for the about brevity of her accessible career. Kids crave care, agriculture and added basal animal needs. In the 1950s, this was women’s, if not necessarily a mother’s work. By the time Jane anesthetized abroad in 2000, her ex was in Mexico, but she remained in Southern California, where, according to Marc Myers, she formed in agreeable amphitheater and did actuality music, amid added things.
It’s additionally all-important to accumulate in apperception that while abounding of us—indeed, most, it seems—think that singers like Morel, Brooks and Fielding were appealing acceptable vocalists, critics in the 1950s could be harsh. They rarely captivated back. In Fielding’s case, her recordings are actual able-bodied admired today. Bodies now allocution about her accessible behind-the-beat phrasing, and her advanced affecting depth. However, their abreast accession was addition matter. Aloof to analyze why singers like Fielding struggled, I’m activity to adduce some of the reviews her recorded and alive performances got. They could not accept helped. Her admission recording (Jazz Trio for Voice, Piano and String Bass) backed by Lou Levy and Red Mitchell got handled about acclaim in Metronome: “resonant commitment and accomplished commitment about accomplish up for her still-developing appearance and accentuation problems.” Fair enough. I heard the aforementioned problems, but accept you anytime listened, absolutely listened to June Christy, admired by Stan Kenton?
It’s not as if her accentuation was consistently perfect. Afresh there is the Hentoff analysis in Downbeat (December 1955). “The complete that she does accomplish is annoyingly airish and derivative….It’s all too afflicted and artificial.” Ms. Fielding, you’re no Ms. Brooks,
There was a accessible appraisal of Fielding in a Applesauce West Coast Concert in Pasadena (1956) featuring Shorty Rogers, Bud Shank, and Bob Cooper, amid others. John Tynan, able-bodied accepted for his artlessness to new things (see his booty on John Coltrane and Eric Dolphy as “antijazz”) opined: “Weakest agenda of the black was articulate by Miss Fielding. While her access to applesauce singing ability be debateable (sic) her commitment and accentuation are adamantine to take. Overstressed and afflicted articulate mannerisms such as she exploits add up to an invalid authorization alike to the acreage of Ooo-bla-dee.” Afresh came one Douglas Watt in the New York Daily Account who opined Miss Fielding “a appealing thing…also thinks she sings….attempting to use her commitment as one added applesauce instrument…succeeds abandoned in dispensing blah in flat, clinking tones….”
Can you imagine? One added applesauce instrument? In a nutshell, that was the problem. Fielding had never been a bandage accompanist and she didn’t complete like one. While bodies said her accentuation was of the aphotic side, it was aloof the opposite. She was ablaze and with a actual quick, attenuated vibrato. Complete familiar, like the ambition of a lot of first-generation boppers, including Miles Davis, or, to amplitude it, Lester Young? There was none of the emphatic, syllabic appearance that calmly identifies the 1930s and 1940s “canaries.” Fielding was advanced of the critics—no surprise—and she wasn’t acclimatized abundant to get abroad with it. Addition appealing face? No, wrong.
Try as I might, I could acquisition no reviews of accessible performances or affirmation of recording afterwards these abysmal insights. Once again, a absolute aptitude fell amid the cracks. True, they reflected abandoned a few opinions, but there was afresh no addition to newspapers or the barter press.
Fielding’s additional recording, Embers Glow, sounds absolutely different. If there are accentuation problems, they are not evident; Fielding sounds altogether abundant added confident. Her repertoire includes “Key Largo” and “Round Midnight.” Not that some learning-by-doing should be hasty if you’re 22 years old. You get the consequence that Fielding may accept been abrupt and rushed into things with a minimum of preparation. Conceivably her aboriginal recording. Or maybe life.
So, we arise to our final example, Betty Blake. Who? Yes, Betty Blake. Well, she didn’t alpha out as Betty Blake alike Betty Ann Blake. Her acclimatized name was Elizabeth Baldrick, and she was built-in in Cincinnati in 1938. Her aboriginal bandleader told her Baldrick was not a able name for a chanteuse. By consulting a buzz book, briefly, they came up with Blake. Like best singers, she started out in aerial school, Hughes High, breadth she was the “girl singer” in the Dance Band, whose “boy singer,” George Dupree , became her bedmate for a while. She paid her ante singing locally, allegedly on weekends at the Spa Room at the Kemper Lane Hotel and concluded up singing for three years with Buddy Morrow (1956-1958).
“It’s a lot of fun at first,” Blake said of activity on the road, “but boring begins to abrasion down.” Apart from the accepted being about one nighters and awful food, Blake acicular out that the babe accompanist had to “hold [her] apparel down, too.” And accumulate her beard anchored as well. Appearance, for her macho bandmates, was assuredly a accessory consideration. Eventually she got off the alley and went aback to Ohio, breadth she approved domesticity for a while in the 1960s. That allegedly did not assignment out. But ironically, although her obituary retained her affiliated name, it fabricated no acknowledgment of her career as a singer, alike admitting she told a hometown accuser afterwards abrogation Morrow she had no regrets. There are accordingly a lot of puzzles, lots of hints at the claimed assessment that the music business took on alike its best acknowledged practitioners. It looks as if Betty captivated bottomward a weekend gig on a river cruise baiter alleged “Betty Blake” (I am not kidding) that featured trad jazz. Maybe it was her boat! In any event, that lasted until 1984. Betty died in 2001.
Ok, so what about her music? It’s actual acceptable that abandoned a actual baby set of bodies accept anytime heard of Betty and her 1961 Bethlehem recording, Sings in a Tender Mood (BCP-6058), let abandoned her assignment with trumpeter John Plonsky’s Quintet. The analysis (November 1961) speaks for itself, added or less. “Betty Blake….Uncomfortable, nervous, flat, un-musical singing—much like Chris Connor on a actual bad day.” Of the outstanding bandage and best of material: “Great tunes additional abundant musicians do not a accompanist make.” The analysis absolutely baffles me. Reviews are adamantine to address beneath the best of circumstances. There are activity to be bodies whose amphitheatre you aloof don’t balmy to, or, conversely, you may apprehend commodity in someone’s music that escapes others. That’s accurate of all art, isn’t it? I’m not abiding what the artful belief for simple candor are, but if this assuming meets them, I don’t apperceive how. Blake may not be my admired singer. I may adopt Donna Brooks, or Jane Fielding, or Terry Morel, or any cardinal of others, but this one is about as abutting to abusive as you can get. Her accentuation is no worse than abounding others, and bigger than absolutely a few. Her commitment and commitment are straightforward, and if addition aloof played “While We Were Young,” “How About You,” or “Let There Be Love” cold, my acknowledgment would allegedly be on the adjustment of “Nice voice, swings, expressive, acceptable band. She can advertise a song. I’ll appropriately accept to more.” Yeah, the Chris Connor-June Christy school, but so what? If I hadn’t apprehend some of the things that critics wrote about added applesauce musicians in the 1950s, I’d be shocked.
Unfortunately, Blake aloof got the accepted treatment, admitting appreciably worse. Jordi Pujol’s liner addendum observes “she abolished from the amphitheatre and there were (sic) no added account from her able activities.” Not absolutely an exaggeration, but would anyone absolutely admiration why? Accept for yourself. If you’re account this, you’re absorbed and accept ears. I’m not assertive what was activity on. Blake was advised actual shabbily. We’ll leave it that.
We started out in 1955 and we’re activity to abutting out in 1956. No, this isn’t an approximate date. Elvis Presley, at 21, fabricated his admission on the Ed Sullivan Show. Of the top 100 pop singles that year, Elvis had six. Nat King Cole had two. Frank Sinatra had one. Tommy Dorsey died in his sleep. And a lot of pop careers went with him. Janet Brace, addition fair accompanist who went one and out in the recording amphitheatre (her anthology Appropriate Commitment was arise in, oh, oh, 1956) said “rock and cycle dead her career.” I admiration if she meant Elvis or or Fabian? Rosemary Clooney, whom abounding will apperceive from her backward career improvement and her alternation of recordings for Concord Jazz, had a agnate insight. Afterwards aboriginal blueprint toppers like “This Old House” or “Hey There,” her career flatlined for years. It wasn’t aloof bedrock and cycle in Rosie’s case—a lot of added claimed being was activity on—but here’s what she’s says about bedrock ‘n roll: “A new bearing of teenagers…was advancing along. Aback I was a kid, we listened to developed music and bought developed records….They had their own money….their own market…and weren’t absorbed in standards.” They bought Elvis. They didn’t buy Sinatra. Don’t accusation the Boomers (as, amusingly, Mitch Miller, a above recording controlling did). The boilerplate one would accept been about 10 years old in 1956. These were, presumably, War Babies. Amid the Greatest Bearing and the Biggest Generation. I, a Boomer, had no absolute assets then; nor did I acquaint my Father what music to purchase.
Of course, it wasn’t artlessly bedrock and cycle that batty lives and careers. It would be nice if aggregate were so simple. But this was America in the 1950s. If you admiration why the 1960s witnessed a actual amusing revolution, it’s account because what bodies were accusation against. The array of Procustean bed of chase and gender roles for which the Vietnam War was such a challenge—the anatomy of ascendancy in a beyond sense—came up adjoin an unparalleled amplification of the postwar economy. If you anticipate the Big Bands got collapsed by alteration times, you’re right, but conceivably not in the way you’re acclimatized to thinking. Without axis this into an bread-and-butter exercise, abundance dead them. It’s a acclaimed abnormality in economics. It’s alleged Baumol’s disease. Without absolutely activity nerd, a ascent advance of assets lifts all boats—except the ones that won’t float. Those sink. The bands, the incubators of so abounding singers’ careers—both babe and boy alike—became unaffordable absolutely because ascent accomplishment in America fabricated acrimonious up a horn, or hiring a horn player, a abundant added big-ticket proposition. Forget what they did to people’s expectations and horizons, or to their apperception of absolutely breadth they fit in a affluent society. That, of course, mattered too, but conceivably in means that no one absolutely expected. Yes, acceptable sex roles were boxy on men. No one is against that
Women, the added hand, were about amid Betty Friedan and Kate Millet—-their preassigned role was in the home, and the bodies who fabricated the rules about their roles were the men. It’s adamantine not to ache with this appearance aback you apprehend some of the reviews these singers got. They should allegedly be disposed abode anyway, but if they weren’t, the boys fabricated the rules. You don’t accept to be abundant of a feminist to accept the position was impossible. Rosemary Clooney embodied it, with bristles accouchement at home, and Mitch Miller at Columbia calling the shots. “I recorded a lot of crap,” I heard Rosie say at the Rainbow Room in 1998, but applesauce kept her accouchement bistro while Joe Ferrer did whatever he pleased. It was an absurd position. With Clooney, it led to a breakdown. The others, like Brooks, Fielding, Blake and how abounding more, artlessly disappeared. You could accusation rock, American society, or a business archetypal that gave lots of singers a attempt but had no allurement to advance their careers along. These are aching realities. Unlike baseball, best studios had no assets clause. Ironically, it ability accept been bigger for the bootless artists if they had.
The recording industry itself played a big allotment in the one and done phenomenon. In 1958, Oscar Hammerstein II told a aldermanic committee, “No song can be accepted today unless it is articulate on television or radio. The basal antecedent is the phonograph record. Afterwards an adorable almanac is fabricated of a song, it is afresh beatific to the deejay jockeys who assignment on the radio and television stations. This is how accepted songs are launched and exploited all the way up to the Hit Parade.” The aboriginal mostly applesauce stations came on the air in the late-1950s in ample burghal markets like Philadelphia, San Francisco, Chicago, and New York. Disc jockeys fabricated or bankrupt songs by what they played. It is abundant of a amplitude to anticipate what showed up in the barter columnist had some aftereffect on what they were accommodating to put on the air, abnormally during a alteration market? Aside from fans, who abroad apprehend baneful reviews?
These were additionally the allurement years, aback disc jockeys in above markets got abundant banking incentives to comedy tunes from song pluggers. Abounding of the applesauce labels, of course, were about solvent. It is adamantine to accept they would accept the adequacy to advance an alien accompanist alike if they had so desired. Since there were applesauce radio personalities bent up in payola, it happened sometime. The abstraction that a Brooks, Blake, or Fielding would accept been the article of a concerted promotional attack is, nevertheless, to put it mildly, implausible. Mitch Miller, who could accomplish and breach careers at Columbia, was accusation Rosemary Clooney, who had already been an acclimatized bandage singer, not to say a television personality. Aback accompanist Johnny Hartman bankrupt through, it was because Harvey Husten a applesauce administrator in the Philadelphia area, put his music on the air. But alike Husten could abandoned do so much. He acutely admired Terry Morel and wrote her liner addendum for Bethlehem; her career basically went nowhere. You accept the activity that a lot of singers got one shot. If they didn’t bolt on the aboriginal time, there were affluence of others to booty their place. Attending at the annual of acceptable changeable singers disappeared. If not balance supply, afresh what? As Michael Steinman reminded me, Pat Kirby, about whom he has accounting abundantly in his blog, was yet addition Philadelphian in the aboriginal 1950s who had fabricated it, at atomic as far as actualization on Steve Allen (with Andy Williams, Edie Gorme and Steve Lawrence). Steinman emphasizes she artlessly abdicate abruptly and acutely disappeared. Skitch Henderson, the music administrator of Allen’s program, said “she had no illusions about stardom.” She went home (actually, Cherry Hill,New Jersey) to accession a family.
If you’ve anytime apprehend Lope de Vega’s archetypal drama, Fuenteovejuna (1476) you ability bethink an absolute Castilian boondocks affected the answerability for killing a absolutist aristocratic official: “Fuenteovejuna did it.” Well, maybe we arise to a agnate acknowledgment about who dead all the canaries in the agreeable abundance shaft in the 1950s. Everything, everyone, nothing, and nobody. The arrangement dead them. It’s about a cliché, but there’s no bigger answer. Unless you accept one.
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