Early one morning a brace of years ago, at the acme of Hong Kong’s prodemocracy beef movement, Ta Kung Pao, a Chinese-government-owned bi-weekly based in Hong Kong, appear what it claimed was a above scoop. An American agent had met with a accumulation of high-profile activists, including Joshua Wong. A photo accompanied the piece, a low-angle attempt from beyond the antechamber of the auberge area the affair had evidently taken place. For Beijing, which at the time was announcement the bottomless approach that adopted armament were abaft Hong Kong’s protests, the antic moment was a dank story.
Western media abundantly abandoned the meeting: A agent talking with activists is not about news. Already trumpeted by Ta Kung Pao, however, the adventure was best up by added pro-Beijing outlets and askance as it reverberated beyond Chinese accompaniment media. The affair eventually fabricated its way to English-language outlets; the far-right website ZeroHedge appear a adventure that was afterwards acquaint on the website of the Ron Paul Institute for Peace and Prosperity, an alignment founded by the above Texas congressman.
Basic facts, however, were incorrect from the start. According to a Accompaniment Department official, who requested anonymity for abhorrence of actuality targeted by the newspaper, Julie Eadeh, a political advisor at the U.S. Admiral in Hong Kong, was acceptable a appointment of aldermanic staffers who were affair with Wong and his colleagues. She had artlessly accustomed a few account advanced of the assembly and was cat-and-mouse with the activists.
The facts and details, though, mattered little. The aboriginal Ta Kung Pao adventure had included Eadeh’s able accomplishments and her apprenticeship accreditation but added claimed capacity as well, including the names of her two adolescent accouchement and advice about her husband, who is additionally an American diplomat. Added outlets appear Eadeh’s parents’ names and their hometown in the U.S. As the belief mushroomed on Chinese amusing media and elsewhere, Eadeh morphed from a approved admiral agent to addition awful accomplished in the aphotic arts of subversion. Her accomplished postings in the Middle East, accessories claimed, showed a adverse clue almanac of acceptable the abolish of adopted governments. (Ta Kung Pao did not acknowledge to requests for comment.)
Eadeh began to apprehension apprehensive action offline too. A white minivan started to aisle her and her ancestors whenever they larboard their Hong Kong apartment, including aback she alone off her accouchement at school. Sometimes, the bodies tailing them would elevate cameras with ample lenses, clearly snapping photographs of her and her ancestors as they went about their day. (It is cryptic who the men in the van were.) Later, Eadeh’s affinity was featured in a Chinese video bold answer by accompaniment media in which players had to “hunt bottomward traitors who seek to abstracted Hong Kong from China.” A state-backed documentary on the 2019 protests apparent on assorted Hong Kong television channels adherent abundant time to her.
The breadth and acuteness of the focus on a mid-level agent “was awful unusual,” Kurt Tong, the above U.S. delegate accepted to Hong Kong, for whom Eadeh already worked, told me. “It’s intimidation. It is advised to alarm the admiral and alarm the [political] opposition.”
Sitting at the centermost of this storm of animadversion was Ta Kung Pao, a bi-weekly little accepted alfresco of Hong Kong, but one with a continued history and which is rapidly growing in influence. Its letters and the fallout that about follows disentangle in a familiar, about accepted fashion. A shaky-grasp-of-facts adventure or beat is best up by an arrangement of added outlets, creating an answer alcove in which those targeted are put beneath astronomic burden and, in abounding cases airing aback criticism, abandon from their job, or abscond Hong Kong entirely. In added instances, the bi-weekly will run an absolute account with a baronial official that will lay out a de facto action position or telegraph a accessible approaching move, one that about attacks prodemocracy organizations or figures.
Ta Kung Pao’s access illustrates the instruments Beijing uses to accompany its opponents, alive in abutting concert with lawmakers, the police, and added Hong Kong authorities to drove dissent. It additionally showcases a action that China may administer added and added in Hong Kong and elsewhere: application the accoutrement of a chargeless association (in this case a already active and advancing press) to abolish abandon itself.
Herbert Chow, an abrupt prodemocracy apostle and boutique owner, apparent this bounce the accident Ta Kung Pao could inflict. Two canicule afterwards he opened a new abundance arranged with beef memorabilia, he was the focus of a analytical report. The day afterwards the adventure ran, his boutique was swarmed by dozens of police. Three of his bristles advisers quit. “This is how they do things,” he told me. “They aloof alarm you.”
Ta Kung Pao, which is controlled by China’s adumbrative appointment in Hong Kong, in some respects mirrors the city’s broader evolution. In colonial times, the advertisement championed Chinese character while demography aim at Hong Kong’s British rulers, arena a acute role in fomenting the advocate riots that bankrupt out in the burghal in 1967 as the Cultural Revolution swept the mainland. “The salaries were low but the assurance was actual high” was the way one above staffer declared the atmosphere in the backward 1980s aback he was aboriginal hired. Journalists, he told me, acquainted they were “not alone patriots” but “fighting adjoin the colonial power.” Aback Hong Kong alternate to Chinese aphorism in 1997, the cardboard remained influential, telegraphing Beijing’s cerebration while accustomed abundantly reliable, if heavily slanted, reporting. Its above top editor, the almsman of a celebrated acquaintance at Harvard, was alleged Hong Kong’s secretary for home diplomacy in 2007.
But in contempo years, Ta Kung Pao has adopted paparazzi-style tactics. Its advisers accept been accused of ambushing, harassing, and endlessly stalking prodemocracy activists (and others who acreage on Beijing’s ever-expanding account of enemies). Its angry address abundantly reflects the airy screeds of China’s “wolf warrior” diplomats. The bi-weekly is the best advancing in a web of publications that accomplish up what Bloomberg declared as a “publishing empire” in Hong Kong that is overseen by Beijing. Ta Kung Pao’s ancestor aggregation does not accomplish bright its buying anatomy but coyly mentions on its own website that it is “supported by the motherland.” China’s Hong Kong Communication Appointment did not acknowledge to a appeal for comment.
Since the 2019 prodemocracy protests, there has been a “sharper, harsher bend of absolutely beating and demonizing perceived [Chinese Communist Party] enemies,” Sarah Cook, an able on Chinese accompaniment media at the U.S.-based NGO Abandon House, told me.
The achievement of Hong Kong’s national-security law aftermost year bedfast columnist freedoms in the city. Apple Daily, a stridently prodemocracy newspaper, was affected to abutting this year afterwards added than two decades of publishing aback authorities froze its assets, raided its newsroom, and arrested abundant editors for actionable the new law. Added outlets accept confused their operations abroad. Beat writers accept put bottomward their pens. Hong Kong’s accessible anchorperson is actuality retooled as a progovernment mouthpiece. (Though these are contempo examples, Ta Kung Pao’s blurred buying reflects a longer-term trend in Hong Kong of once-boisterous absolute media outlets falling into the buying or apogee of Beijing and its proxies, appropriately added acerbic freedoms.) Now that the “political arrangement has no risk,” admiral are alpha to “look at religion, media, and teachers,” Fred Li, a longtime affiliate of the city’s better prodemocracy party, told me recently.
In this new ambiance area civic aegis is paramount, Ta Kung Pao and added Chinese accompaniment outlets accept thrived, admitting not by the accepted journalism metrics of readership and credibility. Instead, their adeptness to affright and alarm bodies and institutions into addition has expanded, authoritative them able accoutrement in the ongoing, amoral accomplishment to abolition Hong Kong of opposition. Ta Kung Pao has targeted artists, filmmakers, academics, judges, and adopted activists. This marks a cogent escalation. Ching Cheong, a above agent editor at Wen Wei Po, Ta Kung Pao’s sister publication, which is additionally overseen by the Communication Office, told me that state-backed publications in the burghal acclimated to act added as acceptable newspapers, with pro-Beijing positions set out in op-ed pages and accessories from academics and added affecting contributors. “What they are accomplishing appropriate now,” he said, “is to force Beijing’s brainy affection aloft the Hong Kong people.”
Ta Kung Pao is the conception of a adherent French-speaking Catholic alleged Ying Lianzhi. Afterwards a assignment confined at the French admiral in Yunnan province, Ying founded the paper, afresh alleged L’impartial, in 1902 in Tianjin, a anchorage burghal in northeastern China. He answer a chargeless columnist and believed in the civic allowances of newspapers. He appealed to a added admirers by autograph in colloquial Chinese. Afterwards his afterlife in 1926, the cardboard was awash to a affluent broker and its new editor in chief, Zhang Jiluan, kept standards high, offered adorable salaries, and absorbed top talent, architecture up a apportionment of 150,000. Zhang laid out guidelines to accumulate the newspaper’s pages chargeless from bias, and he became a arresting amount aural Chinese journalism. In 1941, the Missouri Academy of Journalism awarded Ta Kung Pao—whose name is an allusion to a declared mission of confined the public—a badge for acclaimed service, lauding the paper’s “rich and essential” advertisement on developments in China. As the Chinese civilian war erupted in the after-effects of Apple War II, however, the cardboard began active afield of the cardinal nationalist authorities, who anchored controls on the columnist as they approved to action off the Communist advance. Ta Kung Pao was relocated to Hong Kong in 1948 in chase of political and bread-and-butter stability, but the afterward year, with the celebration of the Communist Party, its buying was handed over to the “Chinese people.”
The now pro-Communist cardboard anon became a antecedent of annoyance for the colonial government in Hong Kong. The British accommodated the columnist to a amount but maintained a accession of laws that could be wielded to barrier chargeless speech, deploying them, admitting rarely, aback outlets challenged their authority. They acclimated those rules best abundantly in 1967, aback a activity altercation coiled into baleful riots beyond Hong Kong. Ta Kung Pao stoked anti-colonial sentiment, but British admiral were afraid to abuse it and added newspapers with absolute links to Beijing for abhorrence of the acknowledgment they ability provoke. Instead, the government went afterwards absolute advocate papers, arresting key abstracts and barring three outlets from publishing. The moves elicited a bent acknowledgment from Ta Kung Pao. “What array of ‘laws’ and ‘rule of law’ is it?” the bi-weekly asked. “What array of ‘press freedom’ is it? How can the colonial government abutting all affectionate newspapers and arrest all affectionate journalists?”
Patriotism is now afresh at the beginning of Hong Kong’s political discourse, as pro-Beijing abstracts and the government are trumpeting an overhauled acclamation arrangement that has finer criminalized the prodemocracy opposition. Ta Kung Pao is accomplishing its allotment as a advertising and misinformation megaphone. According to two above reporters, both of whom larboard in contempo years and who batten on action of anonymity for abhorrence of reprisals, the atmosphere was not clashing a government appointment on the mainland: top-down and awful bureaucratic, with editors authoritative heavy-handed changes and dictating adventure angles to amuse higher-ups. One of the reporters said that during training, anon afterwards actuality hired, they were accomplished on state-media jargon, how to abstain politically acute topics, and the accent of consistently showcasing the absolute aspects of active in Hong Kong. Those alive on the all-embracing board were directed to baddest account belief from away for adaptation that showed badge arise bottomward on protests in adopted countries, as if to adapt the practice. “I acquainted like I was advertisement on Hong Kong in the mainland, application the acreage accent and the angles they wanted,” one of the above reporters said. “I acquainted like there was a bisect amid Hong Kong and myself.”
Like added acceptable media outlets, Ta Kung Pao has approved in contempo years to appoint a younger, added web-centric audience, with alloyed success. In 2017, the bi-weekly launched DotDotNews, an online advertisement that hosts aboriginal video agreeable as able-bodied as accounting stories. Its English-language version, which is absolutely amateurish and generally defective assembly value, consistently actualization annotation from acclaimed influencers and pundits—many of them foreigners—who authority pro-Beijing views. It falsely appear in March that two U.S. Admiral staffers who’d activated absolute for COVID-19 had invoked adept amnesty to abstain actuality beatific to quarantine. (Multiple belief were removed from the outlet’s Facebook folio in 2019, the social-media aggregation said, afore the folio was taken bottomward absolutely for again breaking the platform’s association standards.) In 2016, a new arch editor accustomed at Ta Kung Pao, according to bounded media reports. His accomplishments in the apple of pro-Beijing tabloids ushered in the use of a added confrontational and antagonistic actualization of autograph and reporting, the above longtime staffer told me.
By avant-garde news-media standards, Ta Kung Pao is flailing. Research from the Chinese University of Hong Kong shows that the newspaper’s believability amid the accessible has alone decidedly back 1997, now baronial the affliction amid surveyed outlets. Abounding staffers feared actuality attacked during the protests two years ago if Hong Kongers became acquainted of area they formed or that they were from the mainland, one of the reporters I batten with said. For this reason, and as a way to accord the actualization that the newsroom was beyond than it was, reporters generally acclimated pseudonyms.
Yet these shortcomings hardly assume to amount because, in agreement of impact, a admired boiler of journalists, Ta Kung Pao is added admired than ever. Drawing on a alternating casting of pro-Beijing talking heads, lawmakers, and alike above Hong Kong arch executives, the bi-weekly can whip up abutment for about any issue, banishment the capacity that appear into its crosshairs to apple-polish in submission, out of abhorrence of accessible acknowledged repercussions and added harassment. Ta Kung Pao is aloof one of the abundant means in which the communication appointment exerts atramentous ascendancy over the city, confined as what University of Hong Kong backroom assistant Eliza W. Y. Lee describes as a “quasi-ruling affair of the political administration of Hong Kong.”
The bi-weekly in November 2020 accused a boutique affairs yellow-colored face masks—a blush associated with the prodemocracy movement—and added protest-related souvenirs of “inciting abhorrence and disturbing association apart.” The boutique shut bottomward canicule later. The aforementioned month, the bi-weekly began targeting Lee Ching-kwan, the administrator of the Global China Centermost at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, arguing that comments Lee had fabricated adage “Hong Kong belongs to the world” were “pro-independence.” Lee suffered abundant after-effects of media attacks afore eventually resigning, she told me. A DotDotNews commodity in February accent a Apple Columnist Photo exhibition at Hong Kong Baptist University that included some photos of the 2019 protests. University administrators abruptly alleged off the event.
There are affluence of added examples. The anatomy that funds art projects has appear that it will cut off assets to any artisan “that promotes Hong Kong independence,” afterwards criticism from Ta Kung Pao; one artisan singled out by the cardboard larboard Hong Kong this month, adage he was in chase of “freedom.” Hong Kong’s better teachers’ abutment disbanded absolutely afterwards Ta Kung Pao abutting a pro-Beijing pile-on adjoin the organization. The bi-weekly continues to advance for the accumulation to be investigated. And in an August account with Ta Kung Pao, Hong Kong’s badge arch said the Civilian Human Rights Front, the awning alignment abaft 2019’s better demonstrations, possibly abandoned the national-security law and would be investigated. The affirmation came admitting the accumulation accepting had badge approval for its rallies and captivation no contest back the law was enacted. The CHRF bankrupt canicule later.
Cook, the Abandon House analyst, told me that absolution these instances artlessly as absurd advertising would be a mistake. “It is not aloof fluff, it is not aloof words,” she said. “It absolutely does drive actual absolute after-effects for people.”
Two cloister cases in the accomplished year accommodate an anecdotic glimpse at the bifold standards now in aftereffect in Hong Kong, area altered sets of rules administer to those who abutment the Chinese government and those who claiming it, and how the columnist freedoms accepted by Ta Kung Pao bisected a aeon ago are actuality denied to its rivals.
Last November, the freelance announcer Bao Choy was arrested and questioned about accessing a accessible database of car registrations. She had acclimated the arrangement to access license-plate information, a accepted convenance for Hong Kong journalists, while alive on a anathema analysis into badge cessation during a mob advance on protesters and commuters in 2019. The address would win abundant awards, and Choy was awarded the aforementioned Harvard acquaintance as the above Ta Kung Pao editor, but she was begin accusable and fined about $775. (Choy is appealing.)
Wong Wai-keung, a chief editor for Ta Kung Pao, was this year accused of the aforementioned abomination for a adventure that targeted a above prodemocracy lawmaker. At a abbreviate audition this accomplished June, however, prosecutors appear that they had alone the accuse adjoin Wong, adage he would charge alone to pay about $130 in cloister fees. Wong had accustomed at antecedent cloister appearances in a baseball cap and sunglasses, accustomed an accessible awning to adumbrate his identity. But on the final day of his case, he didn’t bother to appearance up to cloister at all.
Asked why Wong had been advised so abnormally from Bao by authorities, the prosecutor demurred. “It was a one-off incident,” he said of Wong. “He is of bright almanac and active employed.”
Tiffany Liang contributed advertisement from Hong Kong.
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