Directions for teachers: Ask acceptance to apprehend the online Science News commodity “Ink assay reveals Marie Antoinette’s letters’ hidden words and who censored them,” which capacity how scientists acclimated allure to break a abstruseness from the French Revolution, and acknowledgment the questions below. A adaptation of the article, “Marie Antoinette’s belletrist are uncensored by X-rays,” appears in the November 6, 2021 affair of Science News.
1. Who was Marie Antoinette? Who did she address abstruse belletrist to while confined during the French Revolution?
Marie Antoinette was a queen of France. She wrote belletrist to Swedish Count Axel von Fersen.
2. What mysteries beleaguer the letters?
Three mysteries beleaguer the letters, which accept some words that are scribbled out with ink: What are the redacted words, who redacted them and what ability they acknowledge about the accord amid Marie Antoinette and Count Axel von Fersen?
3. What technology helped scientists acknowledge the scribbled-out words? How does the technology work?
Scientists acclimated X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, or XRF. The technology works by cutting an X-ray axle at a sample to account electrons aural the sample’s atoms to jump to college activity levels. That activity addition causes the sample to absolution its own X-rays, which scientists can use to amount out the sample’s basal makeup.
4. How did the technology acknowledge the scribbled-out words? What are the words?
Using XRF, scientists bent that the ink Marie Antoinette acclimated to address the belletrist and the ink acclimated to adapt the belletrist were fabricated from adamant sulfate. But anniversary ink had characteristic ratios of copper-to-iron and zinc-to-iron. By scanning the belletrist pixel by pixel and mapping anniversary pixel’s basal differences onto a gray scale, the scientists appear the hidden words, including “beloved,” “madly” and “tender friend.”
5. Who beyond out the words, and how did scientists analyze the person?
Count Axel von Fersen redacted the belletrist himself. The ratios of assertive elements in the ink acclimated to adapt the belletrist matches the basal ratios in the ink von Fersen acclimated to accomplish copies of added belletrist Marie Antoinette wrote him.
6. What is one abstruseness that charcoal unsolved?
Though the belletrist are now uncensored, it is still cryptic whether the attributes of the accord amid Marie Antoinette and von Fersen was adventurous or political.
How To Write Scribbled Stories – How To Write Scribbled Stories
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